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Solid target boronization in the Tokamak de Varennes: a technique for
real-time boronization
Solid target boronization in the Tokamak de Varennes: a technique for
real-time boronization, Nucl. Fusion 32, 2029
(1992), Y. Hirooka, C. Boucher, R.W. Conn, P. Couture, B.C. Gregory, M.
Khandagle, E. Knystautas, T. Matsuda, R.W. Paynter, G.G. Ross, T.
Sogabe, B.L. Stansfield and W. Zuzak
ABSTRACT
A new boronization technique, called solid target boronization (STB),
has been developed and successfully applied in the Tokamak de Varennes.
For this technique, a boronized carbon-carbon composite material is
used as a source of boron and is exposed directly to confinement
plasmas in order to induce boron emission due to thermal evaporation
and sputtering. The STB technique can provide real-time boronization
effects by implementing self-reconstructing boron-carbon coatings. A
significant decrease in impurity radiation due to oxygen as well as
several metals has been observed. Also, the fuelling rate increases
considerably during STB, which is attributed to codeposition of carbon,
boron and hydrogen