Bill C-19 (Crimes Against Humanity Act)
· on the one hand, Canada joins the international community in insisting that the motivational element ("crimes against a civilian population or any identifiable group") be part of major offences -- yet, in relation to alleged World War II offences tried in Canada, the federal government insists this element be removed
· on the one hand, Canada joins the international community in insisting there be no retroactively created crimes brought before the International Criminal Court -- yet, in relation to alleged World War II offences tried in Canada, the federal government insists on retroactive application.

Bill C-16 (Citizenship of Canada Act)
· refugee claimants (no matter what crimes they may have committed in their country of origin or how they managed to gain entry into Canada), along with visitors (no matter what crimes they commit while in Canada) are afforded the following civil rights benefits:
_____o Charter protection
_____o Right to a hearing before Immigration & Refugee Board
_____o An appeal to the Federal Court or to the Supreme Court of Canada
_____o Right of trial by jury
_____o Case decided on proof beyond a reasonable doubt
· However, for persons forced to endure the denaturalization & deportation process, every one of the foregoing benefits has been removed.

Bill C-31 (Immigration and Refugee Protection Act)
· creates two-tiered citizenship and two-tiered justice; because
· when someone born in Canada is accused of a serious crime, that person is entitled to a fair trial, is presumed innocent until found guilty, and the prosecution is required to prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that such a crime was committed by the accused;
· but when an immigrant is accused of having been involved in serious crimes that allegedly occurred over a half century ago, even though there is no evidence directly linking that person to any atrocity, that person is required to prove themselves innocent!