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U.S. Army War College | 22Mar2017 | Colonel Douglas Mastriano
http://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/download.cfm?q=1342
Project 1721
W.Z.
In 1721 Muscovy became the Russian Empire as explained on page xvi by
Col. Mastriano:
The
Great Northern War lasted until 1721, with various Swedish and Russian
victories and defeats. Yet, Russia broke Sweden’s power in the Baltic
region. The war ended in 1721 with the Treaty of Nystad where Sweden
gave up its Baltic territories to Russia. The 1721 Treaty of Nystad
made Russia a European power, placing it in a position to influence not
just the Baltics, but also Scandinavia and Eastern and Central Europe.
Seizing on the new strategic environment achieved by this victory, Czar
Peter moved his capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg, formally
establishing the Russian Empire. The designation of St. Petersburg as
his capital was a pivotal moment that symbolically declared that Russia
was looking toward Europe.
[... 206-page
pdf file ...]
Brief Synopsis
Since its occupation of Crimea,
Russia has adopted an
aggressive and often belligerent approach to the nations on its
borders. The
on-going war against Ukraine and its occupation of large portions of
Georgian
territory demonstrates this increasingly hostile foreign policy.
However, far
more dangerous to the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
(NATO) is the Kremlin's use of a strategy of ambiguity. In this, Moscow
keeps
hostilities at a low boil, leveraging a Russian diaspora, a web of
complex
information-campaign-trolls, to stir ethnic unrest that has the
potential to
destroy NATO and end the unparalleled post-World War II peace
experienced in
Europe. Yet, there are actions that the United States and NATO can take
to
prevent Russian aggression from turning into a war and Project 1721
provides
the answers to this complex and dangerous security dilemma.
CONTENTS
Foreword..............................................................................................................................xi
U.S. Army War College (USAWC) Contributors and
Researchers...................................xiii
Preface and Historic
Context...............................................................................................xv
Putting a Price on Blood and Allies: America’s Commitment to the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Alliance.......................................................xix
Russia’s Sword of
Damocles..............................................................................................xxv
Chapter 1: Cat and Mouse: Putin’s Complex Application of
Russian Strategic
Landpower.............................................................................................1
Putin’s Complex Application of Russian
Strategic Landpower ........................................3
Chapter 2: European Security and Russian
Expansionism....................................................11
European Security, Russian Expansionism,
and Cyberwar ..............................................13
Chapter 3: The Crisis in Ukraine: Russian’s War to Control the Soul of
Europe................................................................................................................................17
Ukraine Crisis: Testing the Security and
Stability of Europe and Beyond........................19
The Conflict in Ukraine: Its
Implications on Armed Forces
Development.......................23
Chapter 4: Russia and the Baltic
Nations..............................................................................29
Putin’s/Russia’s Objectives in the
Baltics..........................................................................31
Latvia in the Crosshairs: Russian
Information Warfare and Countermeasures ................37
Baltic
Bastion!?..................................................................................................................43
Chapter 5: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the
New Russian Strategic
Environment.................................................................................49
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO): Understanding and
Sustaining Its Relevance to the United States
..............................................................51
Back to Business: The North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO) and
Its
Concept of Collective Defense
................................................................................63
Will the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) Survive
the New
Strategic Environment?
..................................................................................73
Can Cyber Trigger Article 5 of the
Washington Treaty? ..................................................79
Chapter 6: A New North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Approach:
The Very High Readiness Task Force
(VJTF)...................................................................83
Deterrence, Provocation, or Assurance:
Is the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization’s (NATO’s) Very High Readiness Task Force (VJTF)
the Right
Answer?
........................................................................................................85
Chapter 7: Adapting Policy to the New Russia
....................................................................97
Adapting U.S. Policy Toward the New
Russia.................................................................99
Chapter 8: Vanquishing the
Sphinx.....................................................................................109
Vanquishing the Sphinx: Answering the
Hard Questions Facing the Baltics..................111
Chapter 9: The Way Ahead and Recommendations
...........................................................125
Five Smooth Stones: How the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Can Deter
the “Goliath” Russian Threat to the
Baltics...............................................127
Final Thoughts and Recommendations
..........................................................................137
Endnotes..............................................................................................................................141
[... 206-page
pdf file ...]