Bill 37: Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day Act
Alberta Hansard October 30, 2008
1674
head: Introduction of
Bills
The Speaker:
The hon. Minister of Aboriginal Relations.
Bill 37
Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day Act
Mr. Zwozdesky:
Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. It’s my pleasure to request leave to
introduce a bill today being the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide
(Holodomor) Memorial Day Act.
Mr. Speaker, very briefly, this bill will recognize millions of
Ukrainian men, women, and children who perished in the Ukrainian
famine and genocide, Holodomor, of 1932-33. It will also establish and
proclaim the fourth Saturday in November each year as the
Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day in Alberta. The
debate on this historic bill will start in a few minutes.
[Standing ovation] Thank you, members.
[Motion carried; Bill 37 read a first time]
[...]
head: Orders of the Day
The Speaker:
The hon. Government House Leader.
Mr. Hancock:
Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I would request unanimous consent of the House
to waive Standing Order 77(1) to proceed to second reading of Bill 37.
Our standing orders not allowing progress of more than one stage a day
without unanimous consent, I would seek the consent of the House to
proceed.
[Unanimous consent granted]
The Speaker:
As I recognize the hon. Minister of Aboriginal Relations, is there an
opportunity for us to revert to Introduction of Visitors?
[Unanimous consent granted]
head: Introduction of
Visitors
Mr. Zwozdesky:
Thanks very much, Mr. Speaker and colleagues.
It’s a pleasure to introduce to you some very special guests who are
here in our galleries today. These people have been waiting a very long
time for this bill to be brought forward, and they have helped
enormously. I would like to introduce some of them to you right now. If
they would stand and remain standing, we could then collectively
applaud their presence:
the president of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress Alberta Provincial
Council, Daria Luciw;
members of the “Liga” – League of Ukrainians Peter Dackiw and Jaroslaw
Szewczuk;
members of the Ukrainian clergy His Grace Bishop Ilarion, Father
Michael Maranchuk, Father Stephan Semotiuk,
Father Cornell Zubritsky, Father Anton Tarasenko, and perhaps others
are here.
Finally, Mr. Speaker, my wife, Christine, and my mother, Anna, are here.
If you would remain standing and if I could ask the rest of the members
in our gallery to also please stand, I want to introduce to you
survivors of the Ukrainian famine of 1932-33. If they would please
rise, we will applaud them one at a time:
Mariya Holynska, Fedir Horobec, Vera Ruday Horobec, Leonid Korownyk,
Fedir Krykun, Stefania Krykun, Dusia Marych, Marija Prokopchuk and
Hryhorij Prokopchuk, John Shaskin, Yar Slavutych, and Mrs. Natalia
Hrebinska Talanchuk. [Standing ovation]
Mr. Speaker, our survivors of the Ukrainian famine and genocide are
escorted today by Alberta’s first lady, Mrs. Marie Stelmach. Thank you,
Marie, for being here to perform that function.
The Speaker:
Hon. members, it’s a long time since 1932-33, and we live in a
different world than the Ukraine, but interestingly enough there’s a
connection. One of our pages, Maryna Muzychenko, was born in 1991 in
the Ukraine and came to this country in 2002. Therein lies the
connection of the times and the ages.
3:00
head: Government
Bills and Orders
Second Reading
Bill 37
Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day Act
The Speaker:
Proceed, please. The hon. the Premier.
Mr. Stelmach:
Thank you, Mr. Speaker. It is my profound honour to rise as the first
speaker in debate and, on behalf of my colleague the hon. Member for
Edmonton-Mill Creek, to move second reading of Bill 37, the Ukrainian
Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day Act.
I do this with a great range of personal emotion. It goes from immense
satisfaction that we are able to officially recognize this tragic event
in law to a profound sorrow and sadness about the horrific
circumstances that make a bill like this necessary. The manmade famine
that was forced on the Ukrainian people by the former Soviet regime led
to the annihilation of millions of innocent Ukrainian men, women, and
children. It was without question one of the most heinous atrocities of
modern history. Scholars and historians have estimated that as many as
7 million Ukrainians perished during this famine, perhaps even more
when the areas adjacent to Ukraine’s borders are included. The exact
number may never be known since historical data was destroyed or
concealed by Soviet authorities.
The tragedy of this imposed starvation is almost unbelievable when one
considers that Ukraine has been long known as the breadbasket of
Europe. Ukraine is blessed with some of the most fertile and productive
land in the world, chorna zemlia, as Ukrainians call it, black soil. In
fact, Mr. Speaker, it was the love of this fertile black soil that
helped persuade early Ukrainian immigrants to choose Alberta as their
new home. There are striking similarities between the land in Ukraine,
particularly Western Ukraine, where the first wave of Ukrainians
immigrating to Canada came from, and the land northeast of Edmonton,
which is where those early pioneers were settled.
Now, when Ukrainian immigrants first began coming to Alberta in
1891-92, they felt welcomed by that black soil that reminded them of
their homeland. My grandfather and grandmother were amongst those early
pioneers who came to Alberta in the late 1890s, and Marie and I still
maintain the original farm that they settled on. We till the same soil
they did, and we also give thanks for the abundant crops that soil
yielded, even though we had a lot of rocks to pick raising that crop.
Sadly, Mr. Speaker, I cannot offer a similar happy story about the
abundant crops yielded by the black soil in Ukraine in 1932-33. In
Ukraine the people farming this rich land were forced to deliver all of
their marketable grain to the state. They were not allowed to sell it
or keep it for themselves. Resistance could mean arrest and
exile to Siberia. Neither were they allowed to keep any seed grain
which was to start next year’s crops. Soviet authorities even blockaded
Ukraine’s borders, which prevented farmers from travelling to
neighbouring regions to obtain food to feed their families. Soviet
authorities collected all of the marketable grain and exported it to
earn money for new equipment to maintain Stalin’s breakneck pace of
industrialization, nationalization, and collectivization.
It should be noted that at the same time that they were forcing Ukraine
into famine, Soviet authorities were also arresting Ukraine’s
intellectuals. It was truly an assault on Ukrainian people, which
history is now proving was clearly premeditated and very deliberate. It
was as if a war had been declared on the Ukrainian people.
Mr. Speaker, in spite of this devastating chain of events, mercifully a
number of Ukrainians survived. They did so by resorting to
extraordinary means, such as boiling and eating bark from trees, eating
wild grass, and consuming whatever domestic or wild animals they could
find. Others managed to escape the tyranny of their oppressors and
found refuge in neighbouring countries. Today in your gallery are some
of those survivors, who I want to recognize and also thank for their
attendance. Once again, thank you so much for being here today.
[Remarks in Ukrainian]
How you survived that, only God knows. [As submitted]
I also want to thank all of our other guests in the galleries today,
both members’ and public, and those who are listening in on the
Internet around the world. We have representatives here from the
Ukrainian Canadian Congress-Alberta Provincial Council, the League of
Ukrainian Canadians, the Ukrainian clergy, the University of Alberta,
and from numerous community groups and organizations.
I am pleased to welcome all of you here today as proud Albertans of
Ukrainian ancestry. You and your forebears helped build this great
province, and you have been persistent in your efforts to inform and
educate others about the Ukrainian famine and genocide, the Holodomor,
as it is known.
It is in the memory of Holodomor victims, those millions of innocent
Ukrainian men, women, and children, that we present this historic bill,
the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day Act. I note
that other Legislatures in Canada have supported or are currently
supporting similar legislation, including the government of Canada.
Mr. Speaker, we cannot change the past, and we cannot right the wrongs,
but we can recognize this tragedy for the horror that it was. We can
enshrine its commemoration into Alberta law, and we can forever respect
those who survived and forever honour those who perished.
[Remarks in Ukrainian]
Eternal memory unto them. [As submitted]
Thank you. [Standing ovation]
The Speaker:
The hon. Leader of Her Majesty’s Official Opposition.
Dr. Taft:
Thank you, Mr. Speaker. It is a solemn privilege for me to rise to
debate this bill today. I want to start by thanking the Premier for his
heartfelt and eloquent words. They were very touching, very powerful.
Thank you.
Bill 37, the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day
Act, will receive the wholehearted support of Her Majesty’s Loyal
Opposition. The principles behind this bill are noble and deserving of
the respect of all Albertans.
As the Premier has noted, the Holodomor, the Ukrainian famine of the
early 1930s, was a human catastrophe of massive scale, comparable to
the Holocaust. Unlike the Holocaust, however, public awareness of the
Holodomor remains relatively low, perhaps because the
full measure of the truth wasn’t revealed for many decades after the
fact and, indeed, is continuing to be revealed now. It is our hope that
the memorial day act will help raise awareness of the Holodomor and
perhaps offer some measure of comfort to the Albertans of Ukrainian
heritage who still live with the sorrow of family members senselessly
lost.
We can be justifiably proud that Alberta has played an important role
in bringing the Ukrainian genocide to light. Robert Conquest’s book The
Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization & the
Terror Famine, published by the University of Alberta Press in 1986, was
one of the earliest books on the subject of the famine. In his
introduction, Conquest wrote:
The story is a terrible
one. Pasternak writes in his unpublished
memoirs, “In the early 1930s, there was a movement among writers
to travel to the collective farms and gather material about the new
life of the village. I wanted to be with everyone else and likewise
made such a trip with the aim of writing a book. What I saw could
not be expressed in words. There was such inhuman, unimaginable
misery, such a terrible disaster, that it began to seem almost abstract,
[as if] it would not fit within the bounds of consciousness. I fell ill.
For an entire year I could not write.”
That’s a quote from the book by Conquest, in turn quoting Pasternak.
3:10
It is amazing that a holocaust of such magnitude, with millions of
victims, went largely unreported for so many years. But consider the
lengths to which the Soviet government went to hide the truth. They
fabricated the 1937 census. They had no choice. So many people had died
that to publish accurate figures would have revealed to the
world that something genuinely evil had happened. So they inflated the
numbers to hide their crime.
This is why remembrance is so important. The Holodomor Memorial Day
serves as a time of reflection and mourning, yes, but more importantly
it keeps our collective memory of the event alive. The nature of this
genocidal crime is particularly chilling. It involved the systematic
starvation of an entire population. I can’t imagine a crueler means of
subjugation than starving an entire people into submission and
ultimately death: men, women, children, entire families slowly
withering away, often dropping dead in the streets, all this in spite
of the fact that there was indeed enough
grain in the Soviet Union to feed everyone. In fact, in 1932 the
Soviets passed a law that imposed sentences from 10 years in prison to
death on any citizen that misappropriated any socialist property,
including grain. Thousands of people were imprisoned and killed in just
a few months. The law of the wheat ears, as it came to be known, made
an already intolerable situation even worse.
It’s the kind of misery that those of us fortunate enough to live in
developed nations and places like Alberta and Canada find impossible to
imagine today. Yet despite the lessons of history, today genocide
continues. We’ve seen it in Europe, and now we see it in Africa and in
Asia.
Fortunately, good people all over the world are doing their best to
keep the public informed about genocide. One of those people, the
Member for Calgary-Mountain View, put his own health on the line when
he went on a hunger strike last year to call attention to the
humanitarian crisis in Darfur. Most of the deaths in that region have
been attributed to starvation. How long will this continue?
Food is a basic, essential human right. To deliberately deprive
innocent people of food is a crime against humanity, and indeed just
this year the European Parliament recognized the Holodomor as
such. There is a tragic irony in the Holodomor experience: famine in the
midst of plenty in one of the world’s great breadbaskets, human beings
subverting nature, almost mocking the land that we have heard about
earlier, turning a nation of farmers into a nation dying of starvation.
We are so very fortunate the Ukrainians survived that experience and
that they continue to enrich other nations with their skills and their
perseverance. Much of Alberta’s artistic and agricultural wealth and so
much more can be attributed to our Ukrainian immigrants, who to this
day help make Alberta the rich, bountiful place it is.
In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I would like to again thank the Premier,
the minister, and the government for introducing this bill. History
means nothing if we don’t keep it alive in our hearts and minds. The
Holodomor Memorial Day will ensure that a tragic but important chapter
of our world’s history remains relevant and cautionary for Albertans of
all ages.
Thank you. [applause]
October 30, 2008 Alberta Hansard 1677
The Speaker:
The hon. Member for Edmonton-HighlandsNorwood.
Mr. Mason: Thank
you very much, Mr. Speaker. I’m honoured to speak on behalf of my
constituents and the New Democratic caucus in support of Bill 37, the
Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day Act. Ukraine had
long been the most agriculturally productive part of Europe. The Soviet
Union’s determination to force the collectivization of farms and the
requisitioning of grain led directly to a famine in which 10 million
people
died. In a century filled with war and genocide, Holodomor stands as a
tragic lesson in the abuse of power. It is a reminder of the necessity
of working for a world determined by human rights and the dignity of
all persons.
The fourth Saturday in November has been recognized by the Parliament
of Canada and the Legislatures of Manitoba, Ontario, and Saskatchewan
as an annual day of remembrance of the genocide in Ukraine. I’m pleased
that Alberta will now join in recognizing this occasion. Canada and the
prairie provinces in particular have been profoundly shaped for the
better by the large number of immigrants from Ukraine and their
descendants. For us Holodomor is not a distant historical event in a
distant country; it directly touches the lives of many Albertans and
must always be remembered by all Albertans. Along with the Holocaust
Memorial Day and Genocide Remembrance Act, passed by the Legislative
Assembly of Alberta in 2000, this bill will serve to remind us that we
must ensure that the violent and tragic history of the 20th century
will not be allowed to repeat itself ever again.
Thank you. [applause]
The Speaker:
The hon. Member for Bonnyville-Cold Lake.
Mrs. Leskiw:
Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I rise today to speak in favour of Bill 37, the
Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day Act. In Alberta
today there are many individuals of Ukrainian descent whose families
have been deeply affected by this horrific act in history.
[Remarks in Ukrainian]
Mr. Speaker, as the daughter of Ukrainian immigrants and as someone who
has a large family still living in Ukraine, I am proud to be speaking
to this bill today. I also want to sincerely thank my friend of many
years the hon. Member for Edmonton-Mill Creek for having pursued this
bill for many years and for today concluding that
journey so very successfully by having it presented in our Alberta
Legislature.
[Remarks in Ukrainian]
Bill 37 seeks to create awareness and understanding of Holodomor for
what it was: a genocide induced by famine against the people of
Ukraine. In Ukrainian the word “Holodomor” means hunger and plague; in
other words, death from hunger, and I appreciate that this tragedy was
much more than that. The Holodomor was a precalculated extermination by
means of starvation. It occurred primarily between 1932 and 1933 and
was imposed upon the people of Ukraine by the Communist regime of the
day. It was a cruel and deliberate genocide that resulted in the death
of millions of men, women, and children. Our most commonly referenced
number of
victims goes as high as 7 million to 10 million when we include
residents of Ukraine as well as Ukrainians living in the nearby
regions. It is a crime against humanity that should never be
repeated. Mr. Speaker, it was a crime against the people of Ukraine that
should not be forgotten. It is important now more than ever that we
continue to preserve the memory of those who perished and those
afflicted by these atrocious acts. We must honour their determination
for survival and their ability to recover after such a horrific tragedy.
3:20
The current president of Ukraine, Victor Yushchenko, identifies
the importance of recognition as a means of preservation and
prevention with the following:
I address you on behalf of
a nation that lost about ten million people
as a direct result of the Holodomor genocide . . . We insist that the
world learn the truth about all crimes against humanity. This is the
only way we can ensure that criminals will no longer be emboldened
by indifference.
In Alberta alone there are over 300,000 Ukrainian descendants,
including our Premier and several other members of this Legislature. It
would mean so much to all of these people if the province were to
dedicate the fourth Saturday in November each year to honour the memory
of the victims of the Holodomor. It is truly a remarkable way of
honouring their memory and their struggle. The provinces of Manitoba
and Saskatchewan have chosen to recognize this day also, and for
Alberta to do so would be very meaningful for families like mine.
This bill memorializes the victims of Holodomor and preserves the
legacy of its survivors. It will help honour the memory of those
affected, and I hope and pray that it will prevent such tragedies from
ever being repeated.
[Remarks in Ukrainian]
Never again. May eternal memory be upon them.
[Remarks in Ukrainian] [applause]
Alberta Hansard October 30, 2008
1678
The Speaker:
The hon. Member for Edmonton-Gold Bar.
Mr. MacDonald:
Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I am honoured today to rise and join my fellow
MLAs in supporting Bill 37. It is a good bill with a very important
purpose. November is already associated with remembrance, so it seems
quite appropriate to me to add the fourth Saturday in November as a
memorial day, a day to reflect on past
tragedy and to hopefully ensure that such tragedies will not happen
ever again.
In Churchill Square, not far from this Assembly, there is a monument to
Holodomor. The monument is quite beautiful and evocative, if
foreboding. It features hands withered by starvation reaching out for
help, set against the background of a twisted and broken circle of
life. For millions of Ukrainian victims of the famine the help they
were crying out for never came.
Perhaps memorializing the fourth Saturday in November will help stand
guard against tyranny, violence, and inhumanity as the Holodomor
monument downtown demands. Millions died in the Holodomor, and the loss
to the world is immeasurable. Who knows what gifts those murdered
millions could have bestowed upon the world? Who knows what discoveries
they might have made, what works of art they may have created? Who
knows what legacies they may have left had they been allowed to live
full lives in peace? It is terrible to contemplate the destruction of
so many hopes and dreams. Every victim had a history, a name, personal
ambitions, and unique gifts. Most importantly, they had loved ones.
Every one of those victims wanted to provide for their families, to
pursue their dreams, to enjoy the full measure of happiness and
fulfillment that every human being hopes for and works toward. But the
victims of Holodomor were denied the opportunity to pursue these
dreams. In fact, they were denied any opportunities at all. Their
futures were stolen by a cruel, evil government.
Some people have tried to cover up the Holodomor, claiming that it was
an unavoidable natural disaster. It simply isn’t true. The hon. Premier
spoke about this. Let’s get this on the record. In 1931 Ukrainians
harvested over 18 million tonnes of grain; in 1932 over 14 million
tonnes; in 1933 over 22 million tonnes. More than enough to feed
Ukraine’s people. It is interesting to note that the highest death
rates occurred in four of the Ukraine’s most fertile
grain-growing provinces, including Odessa. Twenty to 25 per cent of
people living in these provinces died during the artificial famine.
To deny innocent people food is the very definition of a crime against
humanity, the kind of offence against common decency that resonates
throughout history as an example of our worst failings. The only way to
overcome the crime of genocide is to remember the victims and in their
names create a world in which the crime becomes unthinkable. We can do
that by defending human rights whenever they are threatened, by
exercising our franchise as voters, by supporting policies that empower
citizens, and by speaking out against racism and intolerance. Once we
recognize that we all belong to a single human family, it becomes
inconceivable to allow such crimes to occur against our brothers and
sisters.
Bill 37, I hope, reminds Albertans that families right here in Alberta
were profoundly affected by events that took place on the other side of
the world. A crime of this nature shatters all barriers of nationality
or creed. Genocide is an affront to the entire human family. Let’s do
our part in Alberta to guard against further genocides. Bill 37 is a
good first step.
In conclusion, on behalf of the constituents of Edmonton-Gold Bar I
would like to personally thank the hon. Member for Edmonton Mill Creek
for bringing this bill to the Assembly. Certainly, it is a very proud
day for his community. It is also welcome news that your mother is up
in the members’ gallery.
Thank you. [applause]
The Speaker:
The hon. Minister of Municipal Affairs.
Mr. Danyluk:
Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. A time comes when silence is
betrayal: Martin Luther King said these words in 1967. They are as true
today as they were then. Memorial celebrations such as this one are how
we can pay tribute to those who perished in Holodomor. As a Ukrainian
descendant I always will be honoured to speak of acts of recognition
because speaking out is my way of acknowledging the pain and suffering
experienced by the Ukrainian people: the men, women, and children who
share faith, traditions, and a heritage the same as my own and the
Ukrainian residents in my constituency.
The Holodomor was a horrific period in Ukrainian history, but in spite
of this the Ukrainian spirit has remained strong. Some of the survivors
of the famine and genocide and their descendants reside in Alberta. I
want to recognize the horrors faced by their brothers, sisters,
mothers, fathers, and friends who perished. I would like to thank the
survivors who immigrated to Alberta for the contributions they have
made to make our communities strong with their resilience, dignity, and
skill. I am proud to represent a constituency where so many Ukrainians
thrive and enjoy a quality of life many of their forefathers could only
dream of.
With deep respect I thank you for inviting me to speak today as we
gather to remember those who died and pay honour to those who have
survived. Do not let the sacrifice and the loss they experienced be
forgotten. It is an injustice and a betrayal. Tell stories, remember,
speak out. May their memory live forever, and may such tragedy never be
repeated.
[Remarks in Ukrainian] [applause]
The Speaker:
The hon. Member for Calgary-Currie.
Mr. Taylor:
Thank you, Mr. Speaker, for the opportunity to rise today in front of
our guests, in front of the survivors, and echo the comments of my
colleagues in support of Bill 37. It’s a bill that comes from the heart
with noble intent, and I commend the minister, the Premier, and his
government for bringing this forward.
3:30
Genocide is one of the ugliest words in the English language. It
conjures up images of true horror and human misery, images I will not
presume to describe. Everyone in this Assembly knows exactly what I’m
talking about. For some tragedies there are truly no words. But whether
or not we can do justice to the horror of genocide with
our words, we have a duty to memorialize its victims with our actions,
and this bill helps accomplish that goal.
On the fourth Saturday in November people across Alberta will take a
moment to remember the millions of innocent Ukrainians who were
callously starved by Soviet Communist tyranny. The news stories and
word of mouth surrounding the memorial day will serve an important
educational purpose. There are still many of us in Alberta who are
unaware of this vitally important historical event. I am certain the
discussion in Alberta communities this November will help raise
awareness of the Holodomor. This is no small accomplishment, for
history can only inform and caution when it is understood and
remembered. You cannot anticipate and fight an
enemy you have not taken the time to understand and to guard against.
Shining the light of truth on secrets that villains would rather have
remain buried is a noble pursuit. We should be proud that Albertans
have helped and will continue to help shine that light. The Holodomor
Memorial Day is not merely a tribute to the fallen; it is a beacon of
compassion and goodwill that I hope will help dispel the darkness of
future genocides. The millions who died during those dark days of the
early 1930s are lost to us forever, yet the Ukrainian nation lives on,
stronger than ever both in the nation proper and via its immigrants
here in Alberta, across western Canada, and around the world to the
benefit of us all.
The Holodomor was a tragedy, Mr. Speaker, but the survival of the
Ukrainian people: that stands as a great human victory. Every living
Ukrainian is proof that while you can starve the body, the human spirit
is much more difficult to extinguish.
Thank you. [applause]
October 30, 2008 Alberta Hansard 1679
The Speaker:
The hon. Minister of Seniors and Community Supports.
Mrs. Jablonski:
Thank you, Mr. Speaker. Today I am honoured to rise in support of Bill
37, the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day Act.
Today we grieve with the families and the survivors for the horrible
loss of life during the Ukrainian famine and genocide in the 1930s. We
grieve with the families and survivors for the horrible loss of life
during the Jewish Holocaust and the Armenian genocide. We grieve with
the families and survivors throughout the world for the horrible loss
of life in each act of annihilation and terrorism that has destroyed
countless lives throughout the world. We grieve for the world, for this
is our collective loss.
Mr. Speaker, today we can also celebrate. We can celebrate the strength
and the determination of the Ukrainian people and all people who have
overcome these horrors and have dedicated their lives to raising happy
and successful families. We can celebrate the many exciting cultural
and historical gifts they bring to us. We can celebrate the numerous
contributions they have made to our communities, our province, and our
country.
On behalf of myself, my family, and my grandparents Mariam and Paravon
Kalagian, who suffered the horrors of the Armenian genocide and also
survived, I congratulate and thank the Ukrainian people for having the
courage, the wisdom, and the strength to demonstrate to the world that
they will not be defeated, they will not be destroyed but they will
grow and prosper. They will make great contributions to medicine,
education, science, and the arts, and they will help make this
province, this country, and this world a better place for everyone to
live, to love, and to laugh.
Thank you. [applause]
The Speaker:
The hon. Member for Calgary-Varsity.
Mr. Chase:
Mr. Speaker, thank you for the opportunity today to rise in support of
the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day Act. I
wholeheartedly support the principle of this bill: to help Albertans
remember the Ukrainian tragedy. Remembrance is a key defence against
future genocide.
When I watch or read the news coming in from around the world today or
when I think about the violent history of our world, it is difficult
not to be disheartened by the seemingly never-ending evidence of man’s
inhumanity to man In recent years we have seen genocidal
violence in Rwanda, the Sudan, the former Yugoslavia. Before that we
had the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, the Armenian genocide of the early
20th century, and the Holocaust of World War II. One could argue that
the near elimination of aboriginal culture in Australia and the
Americas during the age of expansion came close to genocide. Our own
residential schools contributed to cultural destruction and abuse.
There are, sadly, too many examples to list, but however different the
circumstances of each particular tragedy, they all share one common
characteristic. When the ugly engine of genocide coughs to life, it is
started by one group of people who have decided through some twisted
logic that another group of people does not deserve to
live. Mr. Speaker, genocide is with us still. It is happening now. It
will almost without doubt occur in the future. But one day genocide
will be called well and truly a thing of the past, and that day will
come because we are willing to remember these crimes. We remember the
victims and the pain their families endured. We mourn the lost
potential We resolve to put a stop to the killing. As John
Donne memorably wrote in the 17th century:
No man is an island,
entire of itself; every man is a piece of the
continent, a part of the main; if a clod be washed away by the sea,
Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as well as if a
manor of thy friends or of thine own were; any man’s death
diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind; and therefore
never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.
In other words, no matter where or when genocide occurs, each and every
human being is affected by the loss, so we all have a stake in
preventing the greatest crime of all.
I commend the government and the minister for bringing this bill
forward. This November I will remember and respect the victims of the
Holodomor, as will all our fellow citizens. In remembering the crimes
of the past, we help prevent the crimes of the future.
Thank you. [applause]
The Speaker:
The hon. Member for Edmonton-Castle Downs.
Mr. Lukaszuk:
Thank you, Mr. Speaker. When you visit Ekaterina, a Ukrainian senior,
she will insist that you eat. “I can’t have you leaving here hungry,”
she says. “Here. Just have a bowl of soup, and maybe later you’ll feel
like having a sandwich, a cup of tea, and a piece of cake.” This
hospitable 87-year-old cannot bear the thought of her guests being less
than full. But, then, she has a horror of going hungry. Seventy-five
years ago, Mr. Speaker, like with your guests, some members of
Ekaterina’s family and almost all of her neighbours starved to death in
a man-made famine that killed millions in the Ukraine.
The Holodomor, as it is known in Ukraine, was part of Joseph Stalin’s
program to crush the resistance of the peasantry to collectivization of
farms. When in 1932 the grain harvest did not meet the Kremlin’s
targets, activists were sent to the villages, where they confiscated
not only grain and bread but all the food that they could find. The
confiscations continued into 1933, and the results were devastating. No
one is sure how many people died, but historians say that in under a
year at least 3 million and possibly up to 10 million starved to death.
The horrors Ekaterina saw live still with her. “We didn’t have any
funerals; whole families died,” she tells me. “Of our neighbours I
remember all the Soloveiki family died, all of the Kapushuks, all the
Rahachenkos, too, and the Yeremo family: three of them still alive were
thrown into the massive grave.” Ekaterina, her mother, and a brother
survived by eating tree bark, roots, and whatever they could find.
3:40
Though some, like Ekaterina, can never forget what happened, many
Ukrainians had never heard of the famine until the country’s
independence; such was the secrecy about it during the Soviet years.
But every year since independence events to commemorate the famine get
larger, and the momentum is growing behind the campaign to raise
international awareness of what happened. This year, Mr. Speaker, marks
the 75th anniversary of the start of
Holodomor, and Ukraine is holding a year of commemorations. Ukraine has
officially declared the Holodomor a genocide. It says the famine was
part of a campaign to crush Ukrainian nationalism.
As Albertans we are forever interwoven with Ukrainian history,
heritage, and its great people. This is why, Mr. Speaker, it is
incumbent upon us to honour the victims of this senseless act of
genocide inflicted upon the Ukrainian people.
Mr. Speaker, I would like to take this opportunity to profoundly thank
our Member for Edmonton-Mill Creek and our Premier for his leadership
in spearheading Bill 37. Thank you. [applause]
Alberta Hansard October 30, 2008
1680
The Speaker:
The hon. Member for Edmonton-Decore.
Mrs. Sarich:
Well, thank you, Mr. Speaker. It is an honour to rise before the
Assembly today in support of Bill 37, the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide
(Holodomor) Memorial Day Act. If proclaimed, the fourth Saturday in
November will become a day that we all can commemorate the horrendous
losses of the Ukrainian famine/genocide in 1932-33.
Mr. Speaker, I would like to take this opportunity to explain why I
support this bill. I support the bill because I think it is important
to remember those who perished and to honour those who survived. I
think it’s important that we all recognize and acknowledge the pain and
misery that the Ukrainian people endured during those years.
For me, being a fourth-generation Ukrainian and valuing my heritage and
culture to no end, I feel connected to this tragedy. Even though my
great-grandparents were fortunate in that they immigrated to Canada at
the turn of the last century and were amongst the many first pioneers
to break the lands east of Edmonton and even though they did not live
in the Ukraine and through the horror of Holodomor, I deeply sympathize
with anyone and everyone who did.
The devastation was unimaginable and humanists absent. To have endured
the experience of losing a mother, a father, a daughter, a son,
families, relatives, and communities to hunger because there was
literally no food is unconscionable. No matter how hard I try, no
matter how hard we all try, we will never truly understand the
weight and intensity of the emotions, the loss of life, the human
crisis and affliction which these people experienced in the past and
the burden of the dark memories that live forever in the minds of the
survivors.
With this bill, however, Mr. Speaker, I would remember. I would remind
myself of the agony and injustice of Holodomor. I would remind myself
of the cruelty inflicted on innocent people in the Ukraine as they were
starved to the point of death. I would take leave of the hurriedness of
everyday living and always hold in my heart a special moment to
remember and pray for all those who perished and all those who
survived. Ultimately, I support this bill
because I believe it would help to bring about more awareness of
Holodomor, convey the sympathy of Albertans, and contribute to the
recognition of Ukrainian people within Alberta and all over the world.
Mr. Speaker, may the souls of the Holodomor dearly departed rest in
eternal peace always. [applause]
The Speaker:
The hon. Member for Edmonton-Calder.
Mr. Elniski:
Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I rise today to speak in favour of the
Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Act. Ukraine in the
1930s was among the darkest periods in history ever experienced by the
Ukrainian people. The horrors of the Holodomor go far beyond what has
been recognized by today’s society and by modern history. For this
reason recognition of this event for what it is, a genocide, is
essential to correctly acknowledge one of mankind’s darkest events.
The history of Holodomor clearly recognizes the terror experienced by
the Ukrainian people and the genocide committed by Joseph Stalin and
his Communist regime. In 1922 Ukraine became part of the Soviet Union.
As Stalin strengthened his iron grasp over the Soviet Union, policies
of collectivism spread across the nation. The forced collectivization
of agriculture was intended to increase output from large-scale,
mechanized farms. It was also a method of bringing the peasantry under
direct control.
Collectivization meant drastic social change of which many did not
approve, particularly in the Ukraine. Ukrainian farmers resisted
vigorously when the Soviet secret police forced them to turn their
land, machinery, and grain over to the government. To increase grain
exports from the Ukraine, Moscow imposed grain procurement quotas on
the Ukraine. This left only minimal to no grain for the Ukrainian
people. Laws were passed declaring that anyone who was caught hoarding
food was subject to execution as an enemy of the people or, in
extenuating circumstances, imprisoned for not less than 10 years, which
really amounted to the same thing since none of them came back. The
Communist regime dispatched commissions and brigades to make sure these
laws were brutally enforced over the Ukrainian people. It is through
these commissions and brigades that the homes of the Ukrainian people
were broken into. The Soviets thoroughly searched the houses and barns
of Ukrainian peasants and confiscated every bit of edible food that
they could find. If food was found through these searches, the
Ukrainian peasants, often accused of hoarding food or stealing from the
state, were then subject to Soviet punishment. Stalin’s
collectivization policy was successful in increasing grain exports and
industrializing the Soviet Union. However, this collectivization policy
came at the cost of the annihilation of entire villages throughout the
Ukraine. Even though starvation was rampant in the Ukraine, the Soviet
grain procurement continued. The result of this was a famine the
magnitude of which may never fully be known.
The unthinkable stories as a result of the socialist policies continue
to haunt many Ukrainians today. These policies directly led to the
starvation of the Ukrainian people and clearly indicate that the Soviet
regime favoured and intended genocide of the Ukrainian people. It is
estimated that the Ukrainians were dying at a rate of 25,000 a day.
Estimates suggest that over 3 million babies born between 1932 and 1933
died of starvation, leading to an estimated total of 10 million deaths
of Ukrainians during this period.
It is the realization of this dark moment in world history that has led
many countries, including Australia, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Italy,
Lithuania, Peru, Poland, the United States, and Canada, to recognize
the fact that the Soviet regime committed genocide upon the people of
the Ukraine. The provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan
have also recognized the genocide and have established the last
Saturday of November as the official day of the Ukrainian famine and
genocide.
There are many survivors of the Ukrainian famine and genocide of
1932-1933, and many of their descendants made new lives here in
Alberta. Provincial recognition of this genocide is very useful and
meaningful to all Ukrainian descendants who call Alberta their home. On
behalf of the numerous members and friends of the Ukrainian community
who reside in the Edmonton-Calder constituency I would like to thank my
colleagues for the one simple act of your support of recognition and
preservation. Sadly, once again we acknowledge something that we must
not forget.
Thank you. [applause]
October 30, 2008 Alberta
Hansard 1681
The Speaker: The hon. Deputy Government House Leader and
Minister of
Aboriginal Relations.
Mr. Zwozdesky: Thank you. Mr. Speaker, today is
truly a hallmark day, and I rise as probably the final speaker on this bill
for the afternoon. It’s a hallmark day in our province because it marks
a significant milestone for Alberta and for everyone who values the gifts
of life and freedom, for everyone who denounces the actions of those who only
seek to destroy lives and freedoms. Today we join tens of millions of others
around the world, in our own province, and in our own country who have
enacted laws and policies to commemorate one of the largest genocides known
to mankind, the Ukrainian famine and genocide of 1932-33.
At the outset I
want to sincerely thank all of my colleagues for their support to those who
have already spoken in support of the bill, but most of all I’d like to thank
our Premier for his support in allowing me to personally bring this bill into
this House. As everyone here knows, it’s not in my portfolio, but it’s in my
heart, and I’ve been working on it for years. So thank you for that,
Mr. Premier, and to other colleagues.
3:50
I also want to thank the opposition leaders and
their House leaders for their support and also for their agreement to allow
this bill to go through all three stages in this House in one day. Thank
you. As you have pointed out, Mr. Speaker, this procedural point
of allowing all three stages of a bill to be passed in the House
is extremely rare. Members in the gallery, you should know that
this particular procedural point is so rare that it has only been
accomplished in this Legislature three times in the history of Alberta,
so it’s an historic moment from that point of view, and I thank you,
Mr. Speaker, for pointing that out to us.
Thanks to the Ukrainian Canadian
Congress-Alberta Provincial Council and its president, Daria Luciw, her
volunteer executive members and her staff, and to the League of Ukrainians,
formerly known as the League of Ukrainians for the Freedom of Ukraine.
It is now free thanks to their efforts and their volunteer members,
who have worked with me for years to promote education and awareness of
the Holodomor famine and genocide of 1932-33.
My other thanks with respect to
this bill, its spirit and its intent, go to the Advisory Council on
Alberta-Ukraine Relations, chaired by my colleague from Bonnyville and
co-chaired by myself and attended by volunteers from throughout the
province.
To the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian studies at the University
of Alberta, in particular to Dr. Zenon Kohut and Dr. Bohdan Klid for their
research assistance; also to Dr. Natalia Pylypiuk for her work on the
translation of the word “Holodomor,” which is a put-together word, if you
will; to Warren Singh, one of our researchers, for his enormous research last
year in particular and throughout the beginning of this year; to Dr. Roman
Petryshyn from Grant MacEwan College; to Marco Levytsky from Ukrainian News
for their help in the development of this bill; also to Ron Glen, Jordon
Copping, and George Samoil in the Premier’s office for helping to make
it happen. I also want to recognize Natalia Toroshenko, a councillor
from Vegreville who is here, for her support. Thank you to Boris
Radyo, assistant superintendent of Edmonton Catholic schools, to
Dr. Bohdan Medwidsky, Radomir Bilash, and others who have participated and
contributed.
Now with the permission of the Assembly, Mr. Speaker, I’d
like to offer a few words in my first language and in the native
language of our special guests.
[Remarks in Ukrainian]
I want to say a few
words of thanks to all of you, our guests, who are here today and in
particular to our very special guests, the survivors of the Ukrainian famine
and genocide in Ukraine. It is impossible for us to understand what you
endured and lived through in order to survive and what you must be living
through in your memories every day. Nonetheless, we rejoice in your presence
here with us today, and we pray to Almighty God for your continued health
and wellness. [As submitted]
Among the survivors, Mr. Speaker, is my former
professor of Ukrainian, so I hope I got all the grammar right, Professor
Slavutych. Mr. Speaker, it is significant to note that the atrocities
committed against Ukrainian people, particularly in the early 1930s, must
never be forgotten, as every one of the colleagues who have spoken
before
me has mentioned. That’s one of the central purposes of this
bill before us today. It serves to remind us that millions upon
millions of Ukrainian people perished in one of the most despicable
and inhumane methods of torture and death, extermination by starvation, as
offered by our Harvard scholar linguist Dr. Natalia Pylypiuk. It serves to
educate us and to educate future generations that denying, concealing, and/or
destroying historical information such as was done by Soviet authorities of the
day is not only unacceptable; it is deplorable. It serves to enshrine in each
of us, in our hearts and in our minds, the intrinsic value we hold for
democratic freedoms, human rights, and the rule of law.
Ultimately this
bill compels us to commemorate the Ukrainian famine and genocide, Holodomor,
of 1932-33 on the fourth Saturday of November in every year henceforth.
Obviously, with the anticipated passage of this bill today, this year’s
famine commemoration at Edmonton city hall and in front of what I believe is
Canada’s first-ever monument erected for honouring the victims, right here
in Edmonton, Alberta, will have much added meaning for all of us, for the
survivors, supporters, and sympathizers in Alberta will know that their
provincial leaders, their MLAs, stood united on this day in this
purpose.
Mr. Speaker, in closing, I want to thank you for your support
and assistance in helping make today’s tribute so very welcoming, so very
special for all of our guests. You, the Minister of Infrastructure, from
Drumheller-Stettler, and the Minister of Culture and Community Spirit along
with all others who are here have all been very helpful and very
supportive.
With that, Mr. Speaker, and as the creator of this bill, the
Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day Act, I’m pleased to
conclude debate at second reading with just one reminder, a special
invitation to everyone, particularly to our Premier, to the leader of the
Liberal opposition, to the leader of the ND opposition, to join our friends
for a brief hunger reception, which will take place in the rotunda. It’s not
a formal event. It will only feature the serving of a broth soup and a
nonbuttered slice of bread. We wear this special lapel mark as a symbol of
our feelings today for those who perished and our respect for those who
survived. To all my MLAs and colleagues here, thank you. [Standing
ovation]
[Motion carried unanimously; Bill 37 read a second time]
4:00
head: Government Bills and Orders
Committee of the Whole
[Mr. Marz
in the chair]
The Acting Chair: I’d like to call the Committee of the
Whole to order.
Bill 37
Ukrainian Famine and Genocide
(Holodomor) Memorial Day Act
The Acting Chair: Are there any comments,
questions, or amendments to be offered with respect to this bill?
Seeing
none, are you ready for the question?
Hon. Members: Question.
[The
clauses of Bill 37 agreed to]
[Title and preamble agreed to]
The
Acting Chair: Shall the bill be reported? Are you agreed?
Hon. Members:
Agreed.
The Acting Chair: Opposed? That’s carried.
The hon. Government
House Leader.
Alberta Hansard October 30, 2008
1682
Mr.
Hancock: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I would move that the committee rise and
report Bill 37, the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day
Act.
[Motion carried]
[Mr. Marz in the chair]
The Acting
Speaker: The hon. Member for Leduc-Beaumont-Devon.
Mr. Rogers: Thank
you, Mr. Speaker. The Committee of the Whole has had under consideration a
certain bill. The committee reports the following bill: Bill 37.
The
Acting Speaker: Does the Assembly concur in the report?
Hon. Members:
Concur.
The Acting Speaker: Opposed? So ordered.
[The Speaker in
the chair]
The Speaker: The hon. Government House Leader.
Mr.
Hancock: Thank you, Mr. Speaker. I would again request unanimous consent of
the House to waive Standing Order 77(1) to allow third reading to proceed on
Bill 37.
[Unanimous consent granted]
head: Government Bills and
Orders
Third Reading
Bill 37
Ukrainian Famine and Genocide
(Holodomor) Memorial Day Act
Mr. Zwozdesky: Thank you very much, Mr. Speaker. I rise to move third reading
of Bill 37, Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day Act.
Once again, I thank everyone for their strong support.
The
Speaker: Hon. members, and ladies and gentlemen, in the history of our
Parliament events such as this are very, very rare. All phases of a bill have
been passed today, but the bill has not been put into the record. I would now
like to do that before we vote on it. Bill 37, Ukrainian Famine and Genocide
(Holodomor) Memorial Day Act. It contains a preamble.
Preamble
WHEREAS millions of Ukrainians perished as a result of the Ukrainian Famine and
Genocide (Holodomor) of 1932-33;
WHEREAS the term “Holodomor” is a Ukrainian
word that means “extermination by means of starvation” and is used
to describe the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) of
1932-33;
WHEREAS it is recognized that the Soviet authorities
denied, concealed or destroyed information about the Ukrainian Famine
and Genocide (Holodomor) of 1932-33 and that accurate information about
this tragic event is only now being made available;
WHEREAS the Organization
for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the largest regional security
organization in the world, passed a resolution that welcomes the recognition
of the Holodomor in the United Nations, by the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and by
the national parliaments of a number of the OSCE participating
States;
WHEREAS the OSCE strongly encourages all parliaments to adopt acts
regarding recognition of the Holodomor;
WHEREAS some of the survivors of the
Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) of 1932-33 and their descendants
reside in Alberta and have contributed greatly to Alberta’s cultural,
economic, political and educational life;
WHEREAS the people of Alberta
value democratic freedoms, human rights and the rule of law, honour the
values of compassion and honesty, and cherish the multicultural vibrancy of
the Province;
WHEREAS the 4th Saturday in November has been recognized by
the Parliament of Canada and by other Legislatures in Canada as a day to
commemorate the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) of
1932-33;
WHEREAS 2008 marks the 75th Anniversary of the Ukrainian Famine
and Genocide (Holodomor) of 1932-33; and
WHEREAS it is important and fitting
to observe Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day for the
purposes of recognizing the Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor)
of 1932-33 and of reflecting on the horrific legacy of this
event;
THEREFORE HER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the
Legislative Assembly of Alberta, enacts as follows:
Ukrainian Famine and
Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial Day
1 The 4th Saturday in November in each year
is proclaimed as
“Ukrainian Famine and Genocide (Holodomor) Memorial
Day.”
[Motion carried unanimously; Bill 37 read a third time]
[Standing ovation]
The Speaker: Mr. Premier, Mr. Minister, and hon.
members, you can do very, very good work in this Assembly. You did such
today. This House is now adjourned until 1:30 Monday next.
[At 4:08
p.m. the Assembly adjourned to Monday at 1:30 p.m.]